The Passive Voice

Postoje dva načina kada želimo da kažemo da je A nešto uradilo B i ta dva načina su „aktiv“ i „pasiv“.

 

Koristimo aktiv kada želimo da A bude subjekat, npr.

          A                               B                                          A                                  B

Samanta    cleans    the room.                            Denis      broke    the lamp.

   subject                   object                                subject                  object

S druge strane, koristimo pasiv kada želimo da B bude subjekat.

          B                                                                                         B

The room     is cleaned    by Samanta.                    The lamp     was broken     by Denis.

   subject                              agent                              subject                               agent

Naime, možemo jednotavno reći da objekat aktivne rečenice postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice, dok subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje, tzv. agent to jest vršilac radnje i ispred njega uvek stoji predlog by.

Sve to jednostavno možemo predstaviti sledećom šemom.

Active:        Subject (A)              Verb                Object (B)

Passive:       Subject (B)              Verb                Agent (A)

Da bismo dobili i glagol u pasivu moramo upotrebiti glagol BE u odgovarajućem vremenu i PAST PARTICIPLE glagola iz aktivne rečenice  (3. kolona za nepravilne glagole ili dodati nastavak –ed za pravilne glagole).

Present Simple:	am, is, are  + past participle
Past Simple:	was , were + past participle
Present Perfect:	have, has been + past participle
Future Simple:	will be + past participle

Pasiv se znatno više upotrebljava u engleskom jeziku nego u srpskom i najčešće pasivne rečenice možete čuti:

1. kada nije potrebno naglasiti ko je vršilac radnje jer je očigledno o kome se radi, npr.

The rubbish is collected every day.

2. kada ne znamo, nismo sigurni ili smo zaboravili ko je vršilac radnje, npr.

My car has been stolen.

3. kada nas više zanima sama radnja, a ne i ko je vršilac radnje, npr.

The flat next door has been bought (by a young couple).

U slučajevima kada su u aktivu subjekti people, they, someone, you, one, te reči se ne pominju u pasivu kao vršioci radnje, npr.

Active:  Someone has stolen my bike.	Passive: My bike has been stolen (by someone).
Active: You see this advertisment everywhere.	Passive: This advertisment is seen everywhere (by you).
Active:  They grow coffee in Brazil.	Passive: Coffee is grown in Brazil (by them).

Rečenice za vežbu:

 

I Napišite date glagole u pasivnom obliku.

Present Simple:

1. The office ___________ (clean) every evening.
2. Stamps ___________ (sell) in every post office.
3. I __________ (pay) on the first of every month.

Past Simple:

1. I ___________ (invite) to the party last week.
2. His passport ___________ (steal)  a few days ago.
3. The walls ____________ (paint) last year.

Present Perfect:

1. I __________ (interview) for a magazine.
2. The thief ____________ (arrest) recently.
3. Five new houses ___________ (built) in my street.

Future Simple:

1. The match ____________ (play) on Friday.
2. Next week, this job  ___________ (finish).
3. The rooms ___________ (clean) while you are out.

II Prebacite date rečenice u pasiv.

1. A policeman took our passports 5 minutes ago.
2. They will speak English everywhere one day.
3. Stacey has invited all her friends to the party.
4. They speak Spanish inPeru.
5. Someone posted this letter yesterday.
6. They will close the road for three days.
7. People have found the two lost children.
8. The doctor will examine all the footballers before the match.
9. They have built some new bridges.
10.  The teacher marks our tests.
11.  They make butter from milk.

RESENJA

I Napišite date glagole u pasivnom obliku.

Present Simple:

1. The office is cleaned every evening.
2. Stamps are sold in every post office.
3. I am paid on the first of every month.

Past Simple:

1. I was invited to the party last week.
2. His passport was stolen  a few days ago.
3. The walls were painted last year.

Present Perfect:

1. I have been interviewed for a magazine.
2. The thief has been arrested recently.
3. Five new houses have been built in my street.

Future Simple:

1. The match will be played on Friday.
2. Next week, this job will be finished.
3. The rooms will be cleaned while you are out.

II Prebacite date rečenice u pasiv.

1. A policeman took our passports 5 minutes ago. Our passports were taken by a policeman 5 minutes ago.
2. They will speak English everywhere one day. English will be spoken everywhere one day.
3. Stacey has invited all her friends to the party. All Stacey’s friends have been invited to the party.
4. They speak Spanish in Peru. Spanish is spoken in Peru.
5. Someone posted this letter yesterday. This letter was posted yesterday.
6. They will close the road for three days. The roads will be closed for three days.
7. People have found the two lost children. The two lost children have been found.
8. The doctor will examine all the footballers before the match. All the footballers will be examined by the doctor before the match.
9. They have built some new bridges. Some new bridges have been built.
10.  The teacher marks our tests. Our tests are marked by our teacher.
11.  They make butter from milk. Butter is made from milk.