Questions in Indirect Speech

Kao što je već objašnjeno u članku Statements in Indirect Questions i kod pitanja u indirektnom govoru dolazi do promene u pogledu zamenica i prisvojnih prideva, priloga za vreme i mesto i glagolskih vremena.

Međutim, najbitnija promena je da u indirektnim pitanjima ne koristimo upitni oblik već koristimo potvrdnu rečenicu.

Uvodni glagoli koji se koriste kod pitanja u indirektnim pitanjima su ask, wonder (pitati se), want to know, inquire (raspitivati se, pitati), itd.

Wh-questions, tj. pitanja sa upitnim rečima

Kod ovih pitanja, posle uvodnog glagola ponavljamo upitnu reč iz pitanja, a nakon toga pitanje preformulišemo u potvrdni oblik.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
„Where is my bag?“	She asks where her bag is.
Why do you like chocolate so much?“	He wants to know why I like chocolate so much.
„What have you seen?“	They want to know what I have seen.

Naravno, ako je uvodni glagol u prošlom vremenu, dolazi do promene glagolskog vremena (pogledati tabelu iz članka Statements in Indirect Speech).

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
„Why do you get up so early?“	She asked why I got up so early.
„Who did you meet yesterday?“	He wanted to know who I had met the day before.
“How much are they going to pay?“	“ Tom wondered how much they were going to pay.

Yes/No questions

Kod ovih pitanja koristimo veznike if ili whether posle uvodnog glagola. I kod ove vrste pitanja pitanje iz upravnog govora (Direct Speech) je preformulisano tako da dobijamo  potvrdnu rečenicu, a dolazi i do promene glagolskih vremena, prisvojnih prideva, zamenica i odredbi za vreme i mesto (pogledati tabelu iz članka Statements in Indirect Speech).

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
„Are you a student?“	He wants to know if I am a student.
„Have you ever been toRussia?“	They ask whether I have ever been to Russia.
„Are you playing tennis with Mike tomorrow?“	She wanted  to know if  I was playing tennis with Mike the next day.
“Did she finish her project last week?“	The boss wanted to know whether she had finished her project the previous week.
“Should I visit him the day after tomorrow?“	Tanya wondered if she should visit him in two days’ time.
„Can they stay here tonight?“	She asked if they could stay there that night.

Homework sentences:

1. „Did you wash your car yesterday?“  John asked him
2. „Why are you late?“  Her parents wanted to know
3. „Do you like apples?“  She wants to know
4. „What is your name?“ We want to know
5. „Has John phoned?“  She  wondered
6. „Is she having lunch now?“ He asked me
7. „Do you want to play tennis tomorrow?“ They asked us
8. „What should I study?“  Ann wanted to know
9. „When will I be rich?“ Tom wondered
10. „Will I be taller one day?“ My little brother wonders

PS: Vodite računa u kom je vremenu uvodni glagol zbog eventualne promene glagolskog vremena i odredbi za vreme i mesto.

Statements in Indirect Speech

Kada želimo da kažemo drugima šta je neko rekao ili mislio, često koristimo indirektni govor (Indirect Speech).

U indirektnom govoru često dolazi do promena u vremenu, zamenicama i odredbama za vreme i mesto jer onaj ko govori, mesto i vreme mogu biti različiti u odnosu na direktni govor.

Za navođenje izjavnih rečenica koristimo glagole say i tell+objekat.  Veznik that se često izostavlja.

Ispred rečenica u indirektnom govoru može stajati glagol say ili tell+objekat prostom sadašnjem vremenu (Present Simple),   sadašnjem perfektu (Present Perfect), ili budućem vremenu (Future Simple). U tom slučaju nema promene u glagolskom vremenu u rečenici u indirektnom vremenu.

Direct Speech                                                                              Indirect Speech

Simon: „I will always remeber it.“           Simon has said (that) he will always remember it.

Tina: „I’m trying to get a taxi.“                    Tina says (that) she is trying to get a taxi.

Međutim, ispred rečenica u indirektnom govoru obično stoji glagol u prošlom vremenu pa samim tim dolazi do promene glagolskog vremena u indirektnoj rečenici.  Promene su date u tabeli.

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Present Simple “I never drink coffee,” he said.	Past Simple He said (that) he never drank coffee.
Present Continuous “My mom is making pancakes,” she said.	Past Continuous She said (that) her mom was making pancakes.
Present Perfect “We have found some keys,” they told her.	Past Perfect They told her (that) they had found some keys.
Present Perfect Continuous “I have been waiting for hours,” he said.	Past Perfect Continuous He said (that) he had been waiting for hours.
Past Simple	Past Perfect
“She went to school,” George told him.	George told him (that) she had gone to school.
Future Simple (WILL)	Conditional (WOULD)
“They will visit Paris,” he said.	He said (that) they would visit Paris.
Future Continuous “Bill will be travelling to London on July 3,” they told me.	Conditional Continuous They told me (that) Bill would be travelling toLondon on July 3.
CAN “I can do it,” he said.	COULD He said (that) he could do it.

Do promene ne dolazi kada koristimo modalne glagole should/would/could.

SHOULD “I should do it,” she said.	SHOULD She said (that) she should do it.
COULD “I could do it,” she said.	COULD  She said (that) she could do it.
WOULD	WOULD
“I would like to see it,” she said.	She said (that) she would like to see it.

 Vremenske odredbe za vreme i mesto takođe, podležu promenama.

 

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
today	that day
tonight	that night
yesterday	the day before
the day before yesterday	two days before
tomorrow	the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow	in two days’ time
next (week, month, year)	the following (week, month, year)
last (week, month, year)	the previous (week, month, year)
a (week, month, year) ago	a (week, month, year) before the previous (week, month, year)
now	then
here	there
this	that

Primeri:

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
He said: “I’m going to have a test next week.”	He said (that) he was going to have a test the following week.
They told him: “We will help you tomorrow.”	They told him (that) they would help him the next day.
Nina said: “I moved house a year ago.”	Nina said (that) she had moved house the previous year.
His brother told him: “I hate this place.”	His brother told him (that) he hated that place.
Mike said: “I went to a restaurant yesterday.”	Mike said (that) he had been to a restaurant the day before.

 Rečenice za vežbu

1.  „I wrote to my father yesterday,“ she said.
2.  „I’m not happy here,“ he said.
3.  „We’ll phone you tomorrow,“ they told him.
4.  „I saw a great film last week,“ he said.
5.  „She’s going to another party tonight,“ they told me.
6. „I want to play computer games tonight,“ he said.
7. „He has lost his wallet in this park,“ she said.
8. „The lunch is ready,“ mum told us.
9. „There is a lesson today,“ the teacher told the class.
10. „We have lived in Greece,“ the Smiths told us.
11. „She’s having dinner now, “ he said.
12. „She has already met him,“ they said.
13. „He would like to drink tea,“ she said.
14. „We can translate this sentence,“ my students told me.
15. „She should stay in bed,“ the doctor said.