Prilozi (građenje i poređenje)

Kao što  već znamo, pridevi (adjectives)  su reči koje nam govore nešto više o ljudima i stvarima.  Oni stoje uz imenice, npr.:

Tom lives in a big house.    (Big je pridev koji nam bliže pojašnjava kakva je Tomova kuća).

S druge strane, imamo priloge (adverbs) koji stoje uz glagole, tj. oni nam govore kako, kada i gde se nešto dešava.

They won the match easily.              Please speak slowly.       Mike arrived yesterday.

*** Građenje priloga (Formation of adverbs)***

Većina priloga za način gradimo dodavanjem nastavka -ly na pridev, npr.:

adjective                                                 adverb

slow + -ly                                                    slowly

interesting +-ly                                         interestingly

strong + -ly                                                  strongly

Kod prideva koji se završavaju na -y mora doći do promene -y u i pre dodavanja nastavka -ly.

adjective                                                 adverb

easy + -ly                                                     easily

hungry+ -ly                                                  hungrily

happy + -ly                                                   happily

Kod prideva koji se završavaju na -ble potiremo ovaj završetak i dodajemo -bly.

adjective                                                    adverb

   possible                                                      possibly

  sensible                                                      sensibly

  reasonable                                                 reasonably

Pridevi koji se završavaju na -ic dobijaju nastavak -ally.

adjective                                                    adverb

        romantic                                                romantically

       fantastic                                                fantastically

Kod prideva koji se završavaju na -ll potiremo jedno l pre dodavanja nastavka.

adjective                                                    adverb

 dull                                                                dully

  full                                                                fully

Kod prideva koji se završavaju na -e, potiremo -e pre dodavanja nastavka -ly.

adjective                                                    adverb

due                                                               duly

 true                                                             truly

Postoje i prilozi koji su isti po obliku kao pridevi.

     hard    Hard work is good for you.       He works hard.

                (Vredan rad je dobar za tebe.)        (On vredno radi.)

     high    This is a high mountain.           She jumped high.

                    (Ovo je visoka planina.)          (Ona je skočila visoko.)

          fast  Mike has a fast car.                    Mike drives fast.

                  (Majk ima brz auto.)                    (Majk vozi brzo.)

          early He took the early train.        He got up early.

                     (Otputovao je ranim vozom.)    (On je ustao rano.)

*** Poređenje priloga (Comparison of adverbs) ***

Prilozi se porede na isti način kao i pridevi, tj. dodavanjem nastavka -er za komparativ i -est za superlativ.  Kod višesložnih prideva dodajemo more ispred priloga u komparativu i most ispred priloga u superlativu. Ne pišemo određeni član the ispred priloga u superlativu.

     Adverb                               Comparative                                           Superlative

       fast (brzo)                         faster (brže)                              fastest (najbrže)

     hard (vredno)               harder (vrednije)                              hardest (najvrednije)

    slowly (sporo)              more slowly (sporije)                    most slowly  (najsporije)

  beautifully (lepo)           more beautifully (lepše)                   most beautifully (najlepše)

John drives fast.  George drives faster. However, Ben drives fastest.

Susan sings beautifully.  Joanne sings more beautifully.  Nina sings most beautifully. 

I za kraj, postoje i izuzeci od ovih pravila, a to su sledeći prilozi:

 Adverb                                                 Comparative                                           Superlative

 well (dobro)                             better (bolje)                                             best (najbolje)

 badly (loše)                                worse (gore)                                          worst (najgore)

little (malo)                                  less (manje)                                          least  (najmanje)

 a lot / much (puno)                          more (više)                                      most (najviše)

She sings badly but her sister sings worse.

My brother speaks English better than me.

I like chocolate a lot, but  I like pancakes more.

You should sleep more and worry less.

I Write the adverbs using the adjectives given below:

quick,  perfect,  brilliant,  early, probable, hard, badly, thirsty, careful, angry,  interesting, high

II Use the adverbs from exercise I in the following sentences.

1. He was very mad. He looked at me ____________________.
2. It snowed  _____________ last night.
3. He didn’t make any mistakes because he did the project _______________.
4. He understands Chinese ________________.
5. My sisters speaks French __________________ because she has lived there for 10 years.
6. They got up ________________ this morning and they feel sleepy now.
7. Christopher drank a glass of water _____________.
8. Mia talked about her work _________________. We enjoyed listening to her.
9. Thomas hurt his arm _____________. He went to see a doctor.
10. She isn’t here. She is ________________ busy at work.
11. The birds were flying ______________ in the sky.
12. He was starving. He ate ______________.

III Write sentences with comparative adverbs and than.

Example: Jacob / drive / dangerously / Sam      Jacob drives more dangerously than Sam.

1. Annie / talk / slowly / Rob
2. Tina /work / hard / Cynthia
3. Jack / dress / expensively / me
4. It / snow / hard / in Russia / in Spain
5. Their team / play / badly / our team
6. I / love / Geography / much / History

IV Use the superlative forms of adverbs in the sentences.

Example: I like cheese ________________. (little)         I like cheese least.

1. They all dance beautifully but she sings ________________. (beautifully)
2. I miss all of them a lot but I miss her _________________. (a lot)
3. All the students did the test well but Marko did it _____________. (well)
4. They all climbed high but Nicholas climbed ______________. (high)
5. All my friends run quickly but Mary runs _______________. (quickly)

Good luck with your HW. It should be done for 12 June, 2012.

PS : Is everything OK with the T-shirt?     ; )

Second Conditional (Drugi kondicional)

U engleskom jeziku, da izrazimo uslov koji se ne može ostvariti ili za koji postoji malo verovatnoće koristimo sledeći obrazac:

IF + PAST SIMPLE,  WOULD + INFINITIVE

If I saw him, I would tell him.  Kada bih ga videla, ja bih mu rekla.

If they knew the answer, they would tell us.   Da znaju odgovor, rekli bi nam.

He could help us if he were here. On bi mogao da nam pomogne kada bi bio ovde.

If she didn’t talk in class, she would learn more. Kada ona ne bi pričala na času, naučila bi više.

Ponekada, posle I koristimo were umesto was, ali to više zvuči formalno.

If I were taller, I would play basketball.    Da sam viši, igrao bih košarku.

Međutim, za davanje saveta upotrebljavamo If i were you, I would… ili If I were in your shoes, I would...

If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. da sam na tvom mestu, ne bih to radio.

If I were in your shoes, I would invite Tom to the party. Kada bih bio na tvom mestu, pozvao bih Toma na zabavu.

Rečenice za domaći:

1. If lilly and Mike _____________ (be) here, they _____________ (know) what to do.
2. Tina ____________ (finish) her work on time if she ______________ (not talk) so much.
3. If _____________ (have) a dog, I _____________ (go) for a walk more often.
4. If Mike _____________ (answer) emails, I ____________ (write) to him more often.
5. If I ___________ (be) you,  ____________ (listen) to your parents.
6. If I ___________ (be) in your shoes, I ____________ (spend) so much money.
7. I ___________ (travel) around the world if I ___________ (be) rich.
8. I ___________ (get) a better job if I __________ (speak) English perfectly.
9. If they ___________ (leave) early tomorrow morning, they __________ (have) time to visit all the famous sights.
10. If you ___________ (win) a lottery, what ________ you ___________ (do)?

 If you need my help, I am here for you. Good luck with the sentences.